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NEOPLASM. The common intraocular neoplasms are: melanosarcoma of the choroid in adults; retinoblastoma of the retina in children; and metastatic tumors. Neoplasm of the eye may cause headache in one of two ways: the tumor may undergo necrosis, with inflammatory changes causing uveitis, or the tumor may cause secondary glaucoma. In either case, headache may result as in other cases of uveitis or glaucoma. There are a number of systemic diseases and diseases of organs other than the eye which may produce ocular signs and symptoms which are helpful in establishing a proper diagnosis. These ocular phenomena are discussed in the appropriate chapters of this volume. Toronto Chiropractor provide pure, drugless, nonsurgical well being therapies, relying on the physique’s inherent recuperative abilities. However, there will be discussed here three outstanding classes of such diseases which cause headache and produce significant ocular signs and symptoms. These are: (1) vascular disease; (2) intracranial mass lesions; (3) migraine. VASCULAR DISEASE. Systemic vascular disease is most often associated with essential hypertension or arteriosclerosis. Diabetes is also one of the common causes of vascular disease.

Other causes of vascular disease, such as the collagen diseases, occur less frequently. Any of these types of vascular diseases may cause headache by their effect on the cerebral vessels. In the search for ocular evidence of vascular disease, an outstanding source of information is the ophthalmoscope. All degrees of vascular disease may be seen in the fundus, from mild narrowing of the retinal arteries in the early stages of hypertension to a reduction in arteriovenous ratio up to 1:2 or even 1:3. With more serious involvement, retinopathy and neuroretinopathy will be seen. Arteriosclerosis may be seen either alone or in conjunction with the changes of vascular hypertension. Chiropractor Toronto discovered that about a third believed there was no scientific proof that immunization prevents disease. Increase in light reflex of the retinal arteries will be followed by a “copper wire” or a “silver wire” effect.

These changes are due to the thickening or hyaline degeneration of the media. With increased sclerosis of the vessel wall, sheathing will be observed and hemorrhages and exudates may be seen in the retina. Changes similar to those of arteriosclerosis may be found in diabetes. In addition there may be refractile, yellowish deposits in the retina and pinpoint aneurysms of the small retinal arteries, particularly in the macular area. All of these fundoscopic changes are highly indicative of cerebral vascular disease, which in turn is a competent cause of headache. While the general medical examination will usually disclose these types of vascular disease as the cause of headache, the fundoscopic picture will serve as important corroborative evidence.